Define and classify falls and unsteadiness in the elderly and explain their epidemiology and impact on morbidity and mortality.

Identify common risk factors for falls, including intrinsic (age-related, neurological, musculoskeletal, sensory) and extrinsic (environmental, medication-related) causes.

Perform a structured falls risk assessment, including history taking, physical examination, gait and balance evaluation, and use of validated screening tools.

Recognize red flags that suggest secondary causes such as syncope, stroke, Parkinsonism, neuropathy, or vestibular disorders.

Outline evidence-based strategies for fall prevention, including exercise, medication review, vision correction, environmental modification, and use of assistive devices.

Develop individualized prevention plans based on patient risk profiles and functional status.

Understand the role of multidisciplinary care involving physicians, physiotherapists, nurses, occupational therapists, and caregivers.