Cracking the diagnostic/test puzzle: Series 1
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A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain, photosensitivity, and a butterfly-shaped rash on her face. Blood tests reveal elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies. What autoimmune disorder is most likely present?
SLE is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including joint pain, skin rash (butterfly rash), and the presence of specific autoantibodies such as ANA and anti-dsDNA.
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What is the classic triad of symptoms in sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis is characterized by noncaseating granulomas and can present with a classic triad of cough, uveitis, and erythema nodosum
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What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism?
CTPA is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing pulmonary embolism, providing detailed visualization of the pulmonary arteries
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A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, pale skin, and jaundice. Blood tests show low hemoglobin, elevated reticulocyte count, and fragmented red blood cells. Peripheral blood smear reveals schistocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
HUS is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Schistocytes on peripheral blood smear are indicative of mechanical hemolysis
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What is the characteristic renal lesion seen in diabetic nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by mesangial expansion, nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules), and impaired renal function.
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What is the underlying cause of sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation (substitution of glutamic acid with valine) in the beta-globin gene.
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Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation?
Type I hypersensitivity reactions involve IgE antibodies, mast cells, and immediate release of inflammatory mediators.
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