Understand the spectrum of cardiovascular infections and how acute rheumatic fever follows untreated Group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

Recognize the immunologic basis of acute rheumatic fever and its progression to rheumatic heart disease.

Identify common pathogens, risk factors, and high-risk populations for cardiac infections and ARF.

Apply the Jones criteria and key investigations such as blood cultures and echocardiography in diagnosis.

Differentiate ARF from other causes of fever, arthritis, and carditis in children and young adults.

Use appropriate antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory treatment based on evidence-based guidelines.

Implement secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence and long-term valvular damage.

Emphasize early sore-throat treatment and public health strategies to reduce disease burden.