Cracking the diagnostic/test puzzle: Series 2 (TB)
1 / 5
A 28-year-old individual presents with a chronic cough, unintentional weight loss, and night sweats. Chest X-ray reveals infiltrates in the lower lung fields. What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test for TB in this patient?
Given the clinical presentation (chronic cough, unintentional weight loss, night sweats) and the chest X-ray findings (infiltrates in the lower lung fields), the most appropriate test for TB, currently recommended by WHO, is PCR-based molecular test. The WHO recommends molecular diagnostics as the preferred first-line testing approach.
2 / 5
A healthcare worker has been exposed to a patient with confirmed active TB. What is the recommended test to assess for latent TB infection in this individual?
For individuals exposed to active TB, the recommended test to assess for latent tuberculosis infection is the tuberculin skin test (TST). This test measures the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD) and helps identify individuals with latent tuberculosis.
3 / 5
The World Health Organization (WHO) has updated its guidelines on the detection of TB, introducing three new classes of technologies. Which of the following is recommended for the initial detection of TB and resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid?
Moderate complexity automated NAATs are recommended by WHO for the initial detection of TB and resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid.
4 / 5
A 45-year-old individual with a history of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) presents with recent onset cough and hemoptysis. What test is most useful for confirming the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in this patient?
As per the recent WHO guidelines and practical work-up Sputum Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and PCR are recommended tests. Sputum AFB is economical, while PCR is expensive.
5 / 5
A 30-year-old pregnant woman presents with a cough and low-grade fever. She is concerned about the potential impact of tuberculosis on her unborn child. What is the preferred initial imaging modality for evaluating tuberculosis in pregnancy?
In pregnancy, the preferred initial imaging modality for evaluating tuberculosis is a chest X-ray. While minimizing radiation exposure is important, a chest X-ray is considered safe when the clinical benefits outweigh the risks. It provides valuable information for diagnosing and managing tuberculosis in pregnant women.
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