This session will highlight the clinical implications of TB and NTM infections, with a focus on their differing transmission patterns, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies. TB, a major contagious disease, poses public health challenges due to its resistance patterns, while NTM, typically non-contagious, mainly affects immunocompromised individuals. The session will cover key diagnostic techniques, the role of imaging, and the importance of tailored antimicrobial therapy for each.