Recent research published in Cancer Innovation indicated that the majority of individuals diagnosed with cancer lack a family history of the disease, with only about 5%–10% of cases being hereditary due to abnormal genes. The study also noted that shared behaviors, lifestyles, or environmental factors within families often contribute to cancer occurrence rather than genetic inheritance. Inherited abnormal genes may predispose individuals to cancer, but not necessarily cause it directly. The researchers also highlighted the impact of dietary patterns characterized by a high acid load, commonly found in Western diets rich in animal proteins, saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and sugary beverages. These dietary habits have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. Certain vaccines may also increase cancer risk.
A previous study by Mantzorou et al. investigated the impact of adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD) on breast cancer advancement and relapse. Their research, involving 114 women aged 35–87, found correlations between MD adherence and various positive outcomes, including reduced tumor size, prolonged recurrence-free survival, and improved disease stages. These findings highlight the potential benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MD) for breast cancer survivors.
Similarly, Grosso et al. conducted a case-control study involving 338 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 676 matched control subjects without cancer from 2000 to 2012. They assessed lifestyle and socioeconomic status information and measured adherence to the MD using the MedDietScore. Results showed that adhering to the MD significantly reduced the risk of colorectal cancer development and reduced the severity of associated health implications.
Diets high in processed meats, red meats, saturated fats, and refined sugars have been associated with an increased risk of various cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. These dietary components may promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, which are known contributors to carcinogenesis.
Conversely, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats have been linked to a lower risk of cancer. These foods are abundant in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, which have protective effects against cancer by reducing inflammation, neutralizing free radicals, and supporting immune function.
Therefore, while the MD has garnered attention for its cancer-fighting properties, adopting a balanced and nutrient-rich diet is essential for overall cancer prevention and management. Studies investigating the role of specific dietary components and their interactions with genetic and environmental factors can provide valuable insights into personalized dietary recommendations for cancer prevention and treatment.
Reference
- Bahrami H, Tafrihi M. Global trends of cancer: The role of diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Cancer Innovation. 2023;2(4):290–301.
- M M, M T, A P, Gk V, D P, S T, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Nutritional Status in Women with Breast Cancer: What Is Their Impact on Disease Progression and Recurrence-Free Patients’ Survival? Current oncology (Toronto, Ontario) [Internet]. 2022 Oct 6 [cited 2024 Jun 10]; 29(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36290866/
- Grosso G, Biondi A, Galvano F, Mistretta A, Marventano S, Buscemi S, et al. Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer in the Context of the Mediterranean Diet: A Case-Control Study. Nutrition and Cancer. 2014 May 19;66(4):558–65.